Pakistan’s federal government is preparing to introduce the 27th Constitutional Amendment, which many critics believe could significantly increase the military’s influence over the country’s governance. The proposed law, now being discussed in Parliament, seeks to change Article 243 of the Constitution — the section that defines control of the armed forces.
Controversy Over Pakistan’s 27th Amendment: What It Means for Civil-Military Relations
Expanding Military Authority
Under the current system, the federal government commands Pakistan’s armed forces, while the president acts as the supreme commander. The 27th Amendment proposes creating a new position similar to a Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), centralising control of the Army, Navy, and Air Force under Field Marshal Asim Munir.
Analysts warn this could give the Army Chief more control over defence and national policy, further reducing the separation between civilian government and military authority.
Judicial and Federal Structure Changes
The amendment doesn’t just affect defence; it also seeks to reshape Pakistan’s judiciary and federal balance. Key proposed changes include:
- Allowing the Supreme Judicial Council to transfer judges without consent.
- Creating a new Constitutional Court to handle constitutional disputes.
- Allowing Islamabad to modify provincial budgets during financial crises.
- Reclaiming key subjects like education and population planning from provinces.
Critics argue these steps could reduce judicial independence and weaken provincial autonomy, reversing reforms made under the 18th Amendment (2010) that gave provinces greater self-rule.
Political Reactions and Concerns
The proposal has sparked strong opposition from political parties and civil society.
- The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and Pushtun leaders have called it an attack on democracy.
- Political analyst Ayesha Siddiqa described it as “Munir’s power consolidation,” warning that it could push Pakistan further toward military dominance.
- The government, however, insists the amendment aims to streamline national security coordination, not remove provincial powers.
Parliamentary Path and Future Implications
To become law, the 27th Amendment needs a two-thirds majority in both houses of Parliament. The ruling coalition led by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif could pass it if the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) supports it. The PPP has asked for assurances that the 18th Amendment will remain intact.
If enacted, the 27th Amendment could reshape Pakistan’s civil-military relations, increase central control, and raise serious questions about the future of democracy and federalism in the country.
Exam-Oriented Notes
- The 27th Amendment seeks to modify Article 243, governing control of the armed forces.
- It could create a Chief of Defence Staff–like position under Field Marshal Asim Munir.
- It proposes judicial transfers and a new Constitutional Court.
- Critics say it may reduce provincial autonomy and weaken democracy.
- The 18th Amendment (2010) earlier strengthened federalism and devolved powers to provinces.
Question & Answer
Q1. What is the main aim of Pakistan’s proposed 27th Constitutional Amendment?
(a) Strengthening provincial autonomy
(b) Expanding military influence and changing governance structure
(c) Introducing new taxation powers for provinces
(d) Reducing defence spending
Answer: Expanding military influence and changing governance structure
Q2. Which Article of the Pakistani Constitution governs control of the armed forces?
(a) Article 144
(b) Article 243
(c) Article 321
(d) Article 199
Answer: Article 243
Q3. The proposed 27th Amendment may create a position similar to which of the following?
(a) Chief of Staff of Parliament
(b) Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)
(c) National Security Advisor
(d) Commander-in-Chief
Answer: Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)
Q4. Which past amendment strengthened provincial autonomy in Pakistan?
(a) 12th Amendment
(b) 14th Amendment
(c) 18th Amendment
(d) 20th Amendment
Answer: 18th Amendment
Q5. Who is likely to gain greater authority if the 27th Amendment passes?
(a) Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif
(b) President of Pakistan
(c) Field Marshal Asim Munir
(d) Chief Justice of Pakistan
Answer: Field Marshal Asim Munir
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